In most of the democracies, one of the central political questions is how the different types of electoral systems transform the citizens' votes into seats. The analysis of the general electoral process is an interdisciplinary research issuetheme, however, the detection of the imbalance caused by territorial distortions, is a typical geographical topic. Analyzing geographical bias as „gerrymandering” and „malapportionment” (the distorting phenomena caused by theof the different sizes of constituencies of different sizes) are well explored in Anglo-Saxon geography. , butHowever, this phenomenaon is a neglected topic in post-socialist literature, becausedue to the relatively young pluralist democratic history after the single-party communist dictatorship in theose areas. In a the post-socialist context, I chose my case study is Hungary as my case study area as the governing because the electoral law changes governed by the conservative and Cristian democratic party (Fidesz-KDNP) changed the electoral law in 2011. The mixed electoral system was kept, however, the boundaries of the single member electoral districts were redrawn substantially.
The presentation study deals with two main questions:. Firstly what kind of geographical bias can be detected in the Hungarian electoral systems after 2000?; What are the main and another question is focusing the dynamic demographic and political opinion changes and interrelations to determining these geographical bias? Thus, the purpose of this studypresentation is to have present a complex comparison about the Hungarian electoral systems have and its geographical bias. This analysies provides an overview ofabout the changes of the Hungarian electoral system and its consequences for unequal political representation. Based on the results of the Hungarian parliamentary elections after the millennium, the presentation also explores the geographical bias of the new Hungarian electoral systems with special attention to malapportionment and partisan gerrymandering. To sum up Summing up, as the nature of geographical distortions isis dynamically changed by the society's demographical features, and by the political opinion, it is expedient to examine the unequal political representation in several regional scales, and withutilising different methods. Another challenge is the assessment of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem issue in electoral analysisanalyses, as the same phenomenon due to different geographical delimitations could shows diverse spatial patterns. Based on the results, however, it can be concluded that it is important to emphasize the complexity of the interpretation of these processes.